ntoskrnl/ke/amd64/kiinit.c

   1 /*
   2  * PROJECT:         ReactOS Kernel
   3  * LICENSE:         GPL - See COPYING in the top level directory
   4  * FILE:            ntoskrnl/ke/amd64/kiinit.c
   5  * PURPOSE:         Kernel Initialization for x86 CPUs
   6  * PROGRAMMERS:     Alex Ionescu (alex.ionescu@reactos.org)
   7  *                  Timo Kreuzer (timo.kreuzer@reactos.org)
   8  */
   9
  10 /* INCLUDES *****************************************************************/
  11
  12 #include <ntoskrnl.h>
  13 #define NDEBUG
  14 #include <debug.h>
  15
  16 #define REQUIRED_FEATURE_BITS (KF_RDTSC|KF_CR4|KF_CMPXCHG8B|KF_XMMI|KF_XMMI64| \
  17                                KF_LARGE_PAGE|KF_FAST_SYSCALL|KF_GLOBAL_PAGE| \
  18                                KF_CMOV|KF_PAT|KF_MMX|KF_FXSR|KF_NX_BIT|KF_MTRR)
  19
  20 /* GLOBALS *******************************************************************/
  21
  22 /* Function pointer for early debug prints */
  23 ULONG (*FrLdrDbgPrint)(const char *Format, ...);
  24
  25 /* Spinlocks used only on X86 */
  26 KSPIN_LOCK KiFreezeExecutionLock;
  27
  28
  29 KIPCR KiInitialPcr;
  30
  31 /* Boot and double-fault/NMI/DPC stack */
  32 UCHAR DECLSPEC_ALIGN(16) P0BootStackData[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE] = {0};
  33 UCHAR DECLSPEC_ALIGN(16) KiDoubleFaultStackData[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE] = {0};
  34 ULONG_PTR P0BootStack = (ULONG_PTR)&P0BootStackData[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
  35 ULONG_PTR KiDoubleFaultStack = (ULONG_PTR)&KiDoubleFaultStackData[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
  36
  37 void KiInitializeSegments();
  38 void KiSystemCallEntry64();
  39 void KiSystemCallEntry32();
  40
  41 /* FUNCTIONS *****************************************************************/
  42
  43 INIT_FUNCTION
  44 VOID
  45 NTAPI
  46 KiInitMachineDependent(VOID)
  47 {
  48     /* Check for large page support */
  49     if (KeFeatureBits & KF_LARGE_PAGE)
  50     {
  51         /* FIXME: Support this */
  52         DPRINT("Large Page support detected but not yet taken advantage of!\n");
  53     }
  54
  55     /* Check for global page support */
  56     if (KeFeatureBits & KF_GLOBAL_PAGE)
  57     {
  58         /* FIXME: Support this */
  59         DPRINT("Global Page support detected but not yet taken advantage of!\n");
  60     }
  61
  62     /* Check if we have MTRR */
  63     if (KeFeatureBits & KF_MTRR)
  64     {
  65         /* FIXME: Support this */
  66         DPRINT("MTRR support detected but not yet taken advantage of!\n");
  67     }
  68
  69     /* Check for PAT and/or MTRR support */
  70     if (KeFeatureBits & KF_PAT)
  71     {
  72         /* FIXME: Support this */
  73         DPRINT("PAT support detected but not yet taken advantage of!\n");
  74     }
  75
  76         /* Allocate the IOPM save area. */
  77 //        Ki386IopmSaveArea = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool,
  78 //                                                  PAGE_SIZE * 2,
  79 //                                                  TAG('K', 'e', ' ', ' '));
  80 //        if (!Ki386IopmSaveArea)
  81 //        {
  82 //            /* Bugcheck. We need this for V86/VDM support. */
  83 //            KeBugCheckEx(NO_PAGES_AVAILABLE, 2, PAGE_SIZE * 2, 0, 0);
  84 //        }
  85
  86 }
  87
  88 VOID
  89 NTAPI
  90 KiInitializePcr(IN PKIPCR Pcr,
  91                 IN ULONG ProcessorNumber,
  92                 IN PKTHREAD IdleThread,
  93                 IN PVOID DpcStack)
  94 {
  95     KDESCRIPTOR GdtDescriptor = {{0},0,0}, IdtDescriptor = {{0},0,0};
  96     PKGDTENTRY64 TssEntry;
  97     USHORT Tr = 0;
  98
  99     /* Zero out the PCR */
 100     RtlZeroMemory(Pcr, sizeof(KIPCR));
 101
 102     /* Set pointers to ourselves */
 103     Pcr->Self = (PKPCR)Pcr;
 104     Pcr->CurrentPrcb = &Pcr->Prcb;
 105
 106     /* Set the PCR Version */
 107     Pcr->MajorVersion = PCR_MAJOR_VERSION;
 108     Pcr->MinorVersion = PCR_MINOR_VERSION;
 109
 110     /* Set the PRCB Version */
 111     Pcr->Prcb.MajorVersion = 1;
 112     Pcr->Prcb.MinorVersion = 1;
 113
 114     /* Set the Build Type */
 115     Pcr->Prcb.BuildType = 0;
 116 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 117     Pcr->Prcb.BuildType |= PRCB_BUILD_UNIPROCESSOR;
 118 #endif
 119 #if DBG
 120     Pcr->Prcb.BuildType |= PRCB_BUILD_DEBUG;
 121 #endif
 122
 123     /* Set the Processor Number and current Processor Mask */
 124     Pcr->Prcb.Number = (UCHAR)ProcessorNumber;
 125     Pcr->Prcb.SetMember = 1ULL << ProcessorNumber;
 126
 127     /* Get GDT and IDT descriptors */
 128     __sgdt(&GdtDescriptor.Limit);
 129     __sidt(&IdtDescriptor.Limit);
 130     Pcr->GdtBase = (PVOID)GdtDescriptor.Base;
 131     Pcr->IdtBase = (PKIDTENTRY)IdtDescriptor.Base;
 132
 133     /* Get TSS Selector */
 134     __str(&Tr);
 135     ASSERT(Tr == KGDT64_SYS_TSS);
 136
 137     /* Get TSS Entry */
 138     TssEntry = KiGetGdtEntry(Pcr->GdtBase, Tr);
 139
 140     /* Get the KTSS itself */
 141     Pcr->TssBase = KiGetGdtDescriptorBase(TssEntry);
 142
 143     Pcr->Prcb.RspBase = Pcr->TssBase->Rsp0; // FIXME
 144
 145     /* Set DPC Stack */
 146     Pcr->Prcb.DpcStack = DpcStack;
 147
 148     /* Setup the processor set */
 149     Pcr->Prcb.MultiThreadProcessorSet = Pcr->Prcb.SetMember;
 150
 151     /* Clear DR6/7 to cleanup bootloader debugging */
 152     Pcr->Prcb.ProcessorState.SpecialRegisters.KernelDr6 = 0;
 153     Pcr->Prcb.ProcessorState.SpecialRegisters.KernelDr7 = 0;
 154
 155     /* Set the Current Thread */
 156     Pcr->Prcb.CurrentThread = IdleThread;
 157
 158     /* Start us out at PASSIVE_LEVEL */
 159     Pcr->Irql = PASSIVE_LEVEL;
 160     KeSetCurrentIrql(PASSIVE_LEVEL);
 161 }
 162
 163 VOID
 164 NTAPI
 165 KiInitializeCpu(PKIPCR Pcr)
 166 {
 167     ULONG64 Pat;
 168     ULONG FeatureBits;
 169
 170     /* Initialize gs */
 171     KiInitializeSegments();
 172
 173     /* Set GS base */
 174     __writemsr(MSR_GS_BASE, (ULONG64)Pcr);
 175     __writemsr(MSR_GS_SWAP, (ULONG64)Pcr);
 176
 177     /* Detect and set the CPU Type */
 178     KiSetProcessorType();
 179
 180     /* Get the processor features for this CPU */
 181     FeatureBits = KiGetFeatureBits();
 182
 183     /* Check if we support all needed features */
 184     if ((FeatureBits & REQUIRED_FEATURE_BITS) != REQUIRED_FEATURE_BITS)
 185     {
 186         /* If not, bugcheck system */
 187         FrLdrDbgPrint("CPU doesn't have needed features! Has: 0x%x, required: 0x%x\n",
 188                 FeatureBits, REQUIRED_FEATURE_BITS);
 189         KeBugCheck(0);
 190     }
 191
 192     /* Set DEP to always on */
 193     SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_ALWAYSON;
 194     FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
 195
 196     /* Save feature bits */
 197     Pcr->Prcb.FeatureBits = FeatureBits;
 198
 199     /* Enable fx save restore support */
 200     __writecr4(__readcr4() | CR4_FXSR);
 201
 202     /* Enable XMMI exceptions */
 203     __writecr4(__readcr4() | CR4_XMMEXCPT);
 204
 205     /* Enable Write-Protection */
 206     __writecr0(__readcr0() | CR0_WP);
 207
 208     /* Disable fpu monitoring */
 209     __writecr0(__readcr0() & ~CR0_MP);
 210
 211     /* Disable x87 fpu exceptions */
 212     __writecr0(__readcr0() & ~CR0_NE);
 213
 214     /* LDT is unused */
 215     __lldt(0);
 216
 217     /* Set the systemcall entry points */
 218     __writemsr(MSR_LSTAR, (ULONG64)KiSystemCallEntry64);
 219     __writemsr(MSR_CSTAR, (ULONG64)KiSystemCallEntry32);
 220
 221     __writemsr(MSR_STAR, ((ULONG64)KGDT64_R0_CODE << 32) |
 222                          ((ULONG64)(KGDT64_R3_CMCODE|RPL_MASK) << 48));
 223
 224     /* Set the flags to be cleared when doing a syscall */
 225     __writemsr(MSR_SYSCALL_MASK, EFLAGS_IF_MASK | EFLAGS_TF | EFLAGS_DF);
 226
 227     /* Enable syscall instruction and no-execute support */
 228     __writemsr(MSR_EFER, __readmsr(MSR_EFER) | MSR_SCE | MSR_NXE);
 229
 230     /* Initialize the PAT */
 231     Pat = (PAT_WB << 0)  | (PAT_WC << 8) | (PAT_UCM << 16) | (PAT_UC << 24) |
 232           (PAT_WB << 32) | (PAT_WC << 40) | (PAT_UCM << 48) | (PAT_UC << 56);
 233     __writemsr(MSR_PAT, Pat);
 234 }
 235
 236 VOID
 237 FASTCALL
 238 KiInitializeTss(IN PKTSS64 Tss,
 239                 IN UINT64 Stack)
 240 {
 241     PKGDTENTRY64 TssEntry;
 242
 243     /* Get pointer to the GDT entry */
 244     TssEntry = KiGetGdtEntry(KeGetPcr()->GdtBase, KGDT64_SYS_TSS);
 245
 246     /* Initialize the GDT entry */
 247     KiInitGdtEntry(TssEntry, (ULONG64)Tss, sizeof(KTSS64), AMD64_TSS, 0);
 248
 249     /* Zero out the TSS */
 250     RtlZeroMemory(Tss, sizeof(KTSS64));
 251
 252     /* FIXME: I/O Map? */
 253     Tss->IoMapBase = 0x68;
 254
 255     /* Setup ring 0 stack pointer */
 256     Tss->Rsp0 = Stack;
 257
 258     /* Setup a stack for Double Fault Traps */
 259     Tss->Ist[1] = (ULONG64)KiDoubleFaultStack;
 260
 261     /* Setup a stack for CheckAbort Traps */
 262     Tss->Ist[2] = (ULONG64)KiDoubleFaultStack;
 263
 264     /* Setup a stack for NMI Traps */
 265     Tss->Ist[3] = (ULONG64)KiDoubleFaultStack;
 266
 267     /* Load the task register */
 268     __ltr(KGDT64_SYS_TSS);
 269 }
 270
 271 VOID
 272 NTAPI
 273 INIT_FUNCTION
 274 KiInitializeKernelMachineDependent(
 275     IN PKPRCB Prcb,
 276     IN PLOADER_PARAMETER_BLOCK LoaderBlock)
 277 {
 278     /* Set boot-level flags */
 279     KeI386CpuType = Prcb->CpuType;
 280     KeI386CpuStep = Prcb->CpuStep;
 281     KeProcessorArchitecture = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64;
 282     KeProcessorLevel = (USHORT)Prcb->CpuType;
 283     if (Prcb->CpuID)
 284         KeProcessorRevision = Prcb->CpuStep;
 285
 286     /* Set basic CPU Features that user mode can read */
 287     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_COMPARE_EXCHANGE_DOUBLE] = TRUE;
 288     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_RDTSC_INSTRUCTION_AVAILABLE] = TRUE;
 289     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_PPC_MOVEMEM_64BIT_OK] = TRUE;
 290     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_PAE_ENABLED] = TRUE; // ???
 291     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_NX_ENABLED] = TRUE;
 292     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_FASTFAIL_AVAILABLE] = TRUE;
 293     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_XSAVE_ENABLED] = TRUE;
 294     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_MMX_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
 295         (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_MMX) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 296     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_XMMI_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
 297         ((Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_FXSR) && (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_XMMI)) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 298     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_XMMI64_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
 299         ((Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_FXSR) && (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_XMMI64)) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 300     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_3DNOW_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
 301         (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_3DNOW) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 302     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_SSE3_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE] =
 303         (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_SSE3) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 304     SharedUserData->ProcessorFeatures[PF_COMPARE_EXCHANGE128] =
 305         (Prcb->FeatureBits & KF_CMPXCHG16B) ? TRUE: FALSE;
 306
 307     /* Set the default NX policy (opt-in) */
 308     SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_OPTIN;
 309
 310     /* Check if NPX is always on */
 311     if (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=ALWAYSON"))
 312     {
 313         /* Set it always on */
 314         SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_ALWAYSON;
 315         Prcb->FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
 316     }
 317     else if (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=OPTOUT"))
 318     {
 319         /* Set it in opt-out mode */
 320         SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_OPTOUT;
 321         Prcb->FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
 322     }
 323     else if ((strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=OPTIN")) ||
 324              (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE")))
 325     {
 326         /* Set the feature bits */
 327         Prcb->FeatureBits |= KF_NX_ENABLED;
 328     }
 329     else if ((strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "NOEXECUTE=ALWAYSOFF")) ||
 330              (strstr(KeLoaderBlock->LoadOptions, "EXECUTE")))
 331     {
 332         /* Set disabled mode */
 333         SharedUserData->NXSupportPolicy = NX_SUPPORT_POLICY_ALWAYSOFF;
 334         Prcb->FeatureBits |= KF_NX_DISABLED;
 335     }
 336 }
 337
 338 static LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY LdrCoreEntries[3];
 339
 340 void
 341 KiInitModuleList(IN PLOADER_PARAMETER_BLOCK LoaderBlock)
 342 {
 343     PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY LdrEntry;
 344     PLIST_ENTRY Entry;
 345     ULONG i;
 346
 347     /* Initialize the list head */
 348     InitializeListHead(&PsLoadedModuleList);
 349
 350     /* Loop the first 3 entries */
 351     for (Entry = LoaderBlock->LoadOrderListHead.Flink, i = 0;
 352          Entry != &LoaderBlock->LoadOrderListHead && i < 3;
 353          Entry = Entry->Flink, i++)
 354     {
 355         /* Get the data table entry */
 356         LdrEntry = CONTAINING_RECORD(Entry,
 357                                      LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY,
 358                                      InLoadOrderLinks);
 359
 360         /* Copy the entry */
 361         LdrCoreEntries[i] = *LdrEntry;
 362
 363         /* Insert the copy into the list */
 364         InsertTailList(&PsLoadedModuleList, &LdrCoreEntries[i].InLoadOrderLinks);
 365     }
 366 }
 367
 368 INIT_FUNCTION
 369 VOID
 370 NTAPI
 371 KiSystemStartup(IN PLOADER_PARAMETER_BLOCK LoaderBlock)
 372 {
 373     CCHAR Cpu;
 374     PKTHREAD InitialThread;
 375     ULONG64 InitialStack;
 376     PKIPCR Pcr;
 377
 378     /* HACK */
 379     FrLdrDbgPrint = LoaderBlock->u.I386.CommonDataArea;
 380     //FrLdrDbgPrint("Hello from KiSystemStartup!!!\n");
 381
 382     /* Save the loader block */
 383     KeLoaderBlock = LoaderBlock;
 384
 385     /* Get the current CPU number */
 386     Cpu = KeNumberProcessors++; // FIXME
 387
 388     /* LoaderBlock initialization for Cpu 0 */
 389     if (Cpu == 0)
 390     {
 391         /* Set the initial stack, idle thread and process */
 392         LoaderBlock->KernelStack = (ULONG_PTR)P0BootStack;
 393         LoaderBlock->Thread = (ULONG_PTR)&KiInitialThread;
 394         LoaderBlock->Process = (ULONG_PTR)&KiInitialProcess.Pcb;
 395         LoaderBlock->Prcb = (ULONG_PTR)&KiInitialPcr.Prcb;
 396     }
 397
 398     /* Get Pcr from loader block */
 399     Pcr = CONTAINING_RECORD(LoaderBlock->Prcb, KIPCR, Prcb);
 400
 401     /* Set the PRCB for this Processor */
 402     KiProcessorBlock[Cpu] = &Pcr->Prcb;
 403
 404     /* Align stack to 16 bytes */
 405     LoaderBlock->KernelStack &= ~(16 - 1);
 406
 407     /* Save the initial thread and stack */
 408     InitialStack = LoaderBlock->KernelStack; // Checkme
 409     InitialThread = (PKTHREAD)LoaderBlock->Thread;
 410
 411     /* Set us as the current process */
 412     InitialThread->ApcState.Process = (PVOID)LoaderBlock->Process;
 413
 414     /* Initialize the PCR */
 415     KiInitializePcr(Pcr, Cpu, InitialThread, (PVOID)KiDoubleFaultStack);
 416
 417     /* Initialize the CPU features */
 418     KiInitializeCpu(Pcr);
 419
 420     /* Initial setup for the boot CPU */
 421     if (Cpu == 0)
 422     {
 423         /* Initialize the module list (ntos, hal, kdcom) */
 424         KiInitModuleList(LoaderBlock);
 425
 426         /* Setup the TSS descriptors and entries */
 427         KiInitializeTss(Pcr->TssBase, InitialStack);
 428
 429         /* Setup the IDT */
 430         KeInitExceptions();
 431
 432          /* Initialize debugging system */
 433         KdInitSystem(0, KeLoaderBlock);
 434
 435         /* Check for break-in */
 436         if (KdPollBreakIn()) DbgBreakPointWithStatus(DBG_STATUS_CONTROL_C);
 437     }
 438
 439     DPRINT1("Pcr = %p, Gdt = %p, Idt = %p, Tss = %p\n",
 440            Pcr, Pcr->GdtBase, Pcr->IdtBase, Pcr->TssBase);
 441
 442     /* Acquire lock */
 443     while (InterlockedBitTestAndSet64((PLONG64)&KiFreezeExecutionLock, 0))
 444     {
 445         /* Loop until lock is free */
 446         while ((*(volatile KSPIN_LOCK*)&KiFreezeExecutionLock) & 1);
 447     }
 448
 449     /* Initialize the Processor with HAL */
 450     HalInitializeProcessor(Cpu, KeLoaderBlock);
 451
 452     /* Set processor as active */
 453     KeActiveProcessors |= 1ULL << Cpu;
 454
 455     /* Release lock */
 456     InterlockedAnd64((PLONG64)&KiFreezeExecutionLock, 0);
 457
 458     /* Raise to HIGH_LEVEL */
 459     KfRaiseIrql(HIGH_LEVEL);
 460
 461     /* Machine specific kernel initialization */
 462     if (Cpu == 0) KiInitializeKernelMachineDependent(&Pcr->Prcb, LoaderBlock);
 463
 464     /* Switch to new kernel stack and start kernel bootstrapping */
 465     KiSwitchToBootStack(InitialStack & ~3);
 466 }
 467